Showing posts with label defamation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label defamation. Show all posts

Thursday, September 27, 2018

Who Is Telling the Truth?


There has been enough coverage of the Kavanaugh hearings that I thought I wouldn’t write on it. But, after the hearings, completed almost three weeks ago, in which Brett Kavanaugh comported himself well, showed himself to be fully qualified for the task of weighing matters according to the Constitution, and also showed himself to be a man of particularly decent character—then the drama began.
Judge Kavanaugh at today's hearing.
screen shot from C-SPAN

So I think that, in the search of truth, there are things we ought to discuss.

Who I believe, and who others believe doesn’t much matter. What matters is what is actually, factually true, outside of belief. And if we can find that out, then we can act based on reality.

I will deal only with the allegations by Dr. Christine Blasey-Ford. There have been no other credible accusations; all additional accusations have been spurious, unsubstantiated, and clearly timed to harm rather than to enlighten. So we’ll dispense with those.

That is not to say that Dr. Blasey-Ford’s allegations are credible. I spent much of the day listening to her testimony and then to Judge Kavanaugh’s. As a truth telling person myself, I have a hard time seeing other normal seeming people lie. I used to watch a TV show called Lie to Me, in which the psychological consultants were able to read facial micro-reactions and tell a lot about what people were thinking. While there may actually be such a science, or talent, that show was fiction. I don’t have that ability. I have to use my other resources and discernment skills.

Did Dr. Blasey-Ford appear to be lying? Not that I could tell. But was she telling us what actually happened? I don’t think so.

The way this is being handled, Republican and Democrat committee members took turns asking questions, five minutes each. All of the Republicans ceded their time to an expert female prosecutor, Rachel Mitchell, with much experience getting stories from victims of sexual assault.

Note: Mitchell is a prosecutor. She interviews victims to get their stories as accurately detailed as possible so that perpetrators can be prosecuted and held accountable. She wasn’t there to trip up the accuser; she was there to get details out.
Prosecutor Rachel Mitchell questioned for Republicans.
screen shot from C-SPAN


The Democrat members of the committee did not ask questions to get out any true details. Not one. They each spent their five minutes telling Dr. Blasey-Ford that they believed her, and that she was brave and heroic for coming forward. And that the Republicans were meanies for not indefinitely postponing to begin an FBI investigation.

They embellished with several commentaries on the importance of character:
Senator Feinstein:  I hope the majority changes their tactics, opens their mind, and seriously reflects on why we are here.
Change out the word majority for minority, and then she’s saying something I can agree with. She also said what we’re about is “a real question of character.”

Senator Hirono: Does character matter? Do our values, our real values about what is right and what is wrong, and about whether we treat our fellow human beings with dignity and respect? Do they matter anymore? I believe they do.
Let’s just note that they say character matters, so what they’re doing says something about their character. I’ll come back to this later.

About the multiple calls to begin an FBI investigation. What happens in an FBI investigation? The FBI would get a statement from the accuser. Done. They would get a statement from the accused, under penalty of perjury. Done. They would interview witnesses, under penalty of perjury. Done. They would gather corroborating evidence from others who could shed light on the situation, people who knew the accuser and accused and witnesses at the time, and could have offered additional details. Done. In fact, there were six previous in-depth character investigations of Judge Kavanaugh prior to previous hirings.

Judge Kavanaugh has additionally provided a calendar identifying his whereabouts and activities during the given time frame. The calendar shows that, when the family was in town, he was involved in basketball practices and other typical activities. Parties were listed, including where and with whom. Names of some so-called witnesses were included, some at parties. But the other person accused, Mark Judge, was listed only in relation to a non-party event.

No one, not even the other female witness, Leland Keyser (her name was then) who remains a friend/acquaintance of the accuser, has any memory of the event. In fact, she goes as far as to say she knew of no party or gathering ever attended by Christine Blasey-Ford that was also attended by either Brett Kavanaugh or Mark Judge.

Dr. Blasey-Ford provided no explanation for why she attended this pre-party event, at a house that must have belonged to one of the other attendees but she doesn’t know whose, when she was two years younger than the others and attended a different high school. Her explanation was that it must have been a spur-of-the-moment event she was invited to at the country club they all belonged to. But what was her motivation to go to such an event, if she wasn’t dating any of the attendees, or was not a close friend of any of them? And there was only one other female? Who says those people were never at the same events?

Dr. Christine Blasey-Ford
screen shot from C-SPAN


She does not remember how she got there, or how she got home, although during questioning, which included maps of the area, she admitted that the distance meant she must have gotten a ride. She says her friend, Leland, did not even notice that she left, nor did she follow up or ask later, nor had she been aware of anything amiss going on upstairs at the house prior to the two boys careening drunkenly back down the stairs followed later by the young Dr. Blasey-Ford’s exit out of the house passing by all of them. Her exit wasn’t noticed, when in full view of all, even though they were supposedly the only females present?

Why didn’t she tell anyone? Not even whoever gave her a ride home? Because she was ashamed, she said. Of what she had done? Only in so far as she didn’t want her parents to know she had attended a party at a house with no parents present where there was drinking going on, of which she had partaken (one beer, she said; she was 15).

Could something—some kind of assault—have happened to her? Quite possibly. Was she assaulted, in the way she described, by someone else? She was offered that possibility in questioning, but insists she is 100% certain that the perpetrators were Brett Kavanaugh and his accomplice Mark Judge.
Yet Dr. Blasey-Ford’s accusations and corroboration are so thin that no charge could ever be brought, no warrant could ever be given. It is clearly, by every legal way of looking at it, so unsubstantiated that it could only do damage as rumor.

So calls for any additional investigation without any additional information from the accuser are fruitless. The leads have all been followed.

We know enough now, from the investigations and testimony, to look at the facts we do know:

·         Christine Blasey-Ford claims she was assaulted but not raped by a drunken Brett Kavanaugh when she was about 15 and he was about 17.

·         She offers no details about where, exactly when, with any corroborating witnesses.
·         So far no evidence of any kind beyond her personal claim has been provided or found.
·         Brett Kavanaugh categorically denies that this event ever happened, or anything like it, nor does he remember any social event that included Christine Blasey-Ford.
·         Mark Judge categorically denies in the same fashion.
·         The other two named attendees, including her female friend, deny any knowledge of anything like this ever happening, or that Kavanaugh ever even attended any of the same events as the accuser.
·         Everyone who knew Brett Kavanaugh at the time, and in subsequent years, has testified that, not only did they never hear of any such event, it would be totally out of character for the Brett Kavanaugh that they knew.
·         His calendar shows some meticulous detail—and was kept and accessible after all these years. On that calendar he included social events, but nothing that could have been this party appears.
·         Brett Kavanaugh further submitted to a media interview, along with his wife, where he explained that, not only was there no attempted sexual assault, he was a virgin at that time, and during college (when other accusations claim he did vile things), and for years afterward.
·         There is nothing in his subsequent life that would bring his character into question. He is a religious man, and his behavior with his wife and children, with his co-workers, and with friends and acquaintances leads one to believe that he is being truthful about his denial. There appears to be nothing to hide.

About his being a virgin, one news interviewee said that right there is proof he’s lying. But for religious—and studious—people, that would be the norm. I never dated anyone that wasn’t a virgin up to and through the time of our dating. That was totally normal in my high school and college life, in a religious community among studious friends. Also, if you read Coming Apart by Charles Murray, you see that this more conservative behavior is known and acted out in the most well off zip codes, similar to Kavanaugh’s.

Let’s let blind justice weigh the scales. Everything comes down in favor of Brett Kavanaugh. Everything.

Dr. Blasey-Ford claims her coming forward now in not politically motivated, but relates only to protecting the country from having a person who would do such a thing in such a high office. However, she did not say anything about him when he was elevated to various other courts, including the DC circuit court, where he has most recently been serving, often considered the second highest court of the land. And his name has been on the Federalist Society/Heritage Society list of acceptable judicial candidates since before President Trump was elected. She wasn’t worried about him possibly replacing Justice Scalia. She did not act, and did not mention Kavanaugh’s name to anyone, including her therapist, until July 2018, when his name appeared on the short list to replace Justice Kennedy.

Why now? is a valid question.

Senator Feinstein
screen shot from C-SPAN
She hasn’t been asked political questions. But she sought to put her story forward through political people, her congresswoman and Senator Feinstein. Whether she is outright lying about who assaulted her (if anyone), or whether she has, after all these decades, falsely remembered who did such a thing (think of A Passage to India, by E. M. Forster, in which an Englishwoman takes an Indian man all the way to court for attempted rape, unable to remember details, until she realizes that she was mistaken and it never happened), the people on the Democratic side have used her for their purpose of delaying confirmation of an eminently qualified judge with an impeccable character.

Their timing is peccable.

Senator Feinstein has had the information in hand now for 60 days. Dr. Blasey-Ford provided it to her congresswoman three months ago. Feinstein had it well before the hearing. She had it during private interview questioning. She had it during the hearings. During all of those opportunities, she did not even hint that she was questioning his character or wanted his side of any such story.

One would think that, based on the timing, this was a Hail Mary attack to delay the inevitable confirmation.

People are talking about the attempt to delay until after the midterms, in hopes that a different Senate might prevent any Trump nominee from getting confirmed. But more imminent is the hope to delay beyond this week, because Monday, October 1st, is the start of the new Supreme Court term. That is when they decide which cases to take up and what the schedule will be. The Democrats would much rather that happen with a 4-4 court than a 5-4 court.

In other words, the Democrat idea of “getting to truth” and paying attention to “character” includes falsely accusing a particularly decent man, destroying his life and livelihood, with false sanctimony on their faces.

This is evil.

Evil people, working among civilized people, take advantage of good people and their predictable behavior. Good people try to give people respect and the benefit of the doubt. Good people try to calm their anger and look for a reasonable explanation. They bend over backward to give someone with unsubstantiated claims the chance to be heard—just in case. They don’t want to appear unkind, or uncaring, or impolite.

That’s how you get what you’ve gotten in media the last couple of weeks and in today’s hearing. That’s also how we’ve gotten a president who stands up to those bullies simply by not caring whether he appears nice. I’m beginning to appreciate that willingness to fight back.

What we should have gotten was, “The burden of proof is on you, the badly timed accuser. If you can bring us a shred of evidence to help us believe there’s some truth to your story, despite its terrible timing, let us see it.”

And then you go ahead and confirm.

What else we should have gotten—and still should get—is a defamation of character lawsuit. Including Senator Feinstein. Including everyone else and their sleazy lawyers who have made additional allegations. Sue for jail time—so that Soros money cannot buy them out of the consequences.

If Judge Kavanaugh is not worthy of the Supreme Court, it means he is not worthy of his current district court position either. So what is at stake for him is a lifetime’s reputation and hard work, and the ability to make a living for the next thirty years. There is measurable harm to him. Even if confirmed (and I trust he will be), this has put a shadow of scandal over him, as has hung unfairly over Justice Thomas all these years.

The burden of proof—under these circumstances—must be on the accuser. Dr. Blasey-Ford wanted to remain anonymous, but you don’t get to do that kind of damage to another human being from the safety of anonymity. At best that is cowardly; at worst it is pure evil.

If she were telling what actually happened, there would be corroboration, including a pattern of behavior in the character of such a man, and she could find it. If she had no animus and is merely mistaking the identity of an actual attacker, that could be discovered. (The prosecutor today suggested the kind of interrogation that could lead to exposing what actually happened, but that her counsel failed to offer.) With no animus, there could be a non-jail settlement, as long as it exonerated Justice Kavanaugh.

But if the accuser is not held accountable for defamation of character under such high stakes, then the precedence is set for every Supreme Court nominee, and any other person nominated to an important position, that the Democrats do not agree with on policy.

They have done this before. I’m old enough to remember what they did to Robert Bork, which invented the term for thwarting a nominee. I also remember the Anita Hill accusations against Clarence Thomas.  And let me just point out that, while Hill has been lionized by the Democrats for her bravery, her testimony appeared then, and still appears to be, a false accusation. How do we know? Her behavior. And his. She continues to do whatever is necessary for her “leftist” causes, and has benefited from the notoriety. Meanwhile, Justice Thomas has remained an unimpeachable character, and has done his job of applying the law according to the Constitution, as he took an oath to do, even though the Democrats whisper continued lies about his character. They were never worried about someone with bad character being on the Court—these were people who supported Bill Clinton. They just didn’t want someone who would uphold the Constitution.
Senator Graham
screen shot from C-SPAN

Senator Grassley was too kind to Democrats today, but I do credit him with defending the investigative process by the Republicans. They gave the woman every opportunity to tell her story and provide evidence. She added none.


Senator Graham today, was downright feisty, something we don’t usually see from him (here, during questioning Judge Kavanaugh, and here and here to media between hearing sessions).

If we have any respect for basic principles like “innocent until proven guilty,” and the rule of law, we should see a vote on Friday to confirm.

If we get something else, then evil wins.

Wednesday, July 2, 2014

Letter to Mike Rowe

A week ago Mike Rowe, the Dirty Jobs guy, wrote about an experience he had in line at a liquor store, where the store owner posted photos of shoplifters he’d caught on security tapes. It’s an interesting little piece. My son Political Sphere came across it, and because the discussion included some legalities surrounding the public shaming, and Political Sphere being a law student and entertained by such thought exercises (it’s summer, and this was the weekend before a new internship started), he wrote his legal opinion. Which is NOT to be construed as legal advice, which he can’t legally offer yet.  
This is the shoplifter-in-action photo
from Mike Rowe's site,
with ID covered for legal safety


But, just for the fun of it, here is Political Sphere’s open letter to Mike Rowe, with tort law citations included:
_____________________ 

June 24, 2014 

Dear Mr. Rowe, 

I read about your experience with a lawyer at the liquor store the other day. I am only a law student and cannot give legal advice yet. I personally think that your lawyer gave you good advice to prevent a lawsuit, because lawyers such as the one you met at the liquor store exist. But I vehemently disagree with that lawyer’s assessment that the liquor store owner would likely lose; in fact I think that lawyer would be liable for malpractice if he pursued the case. Again, nothing I say should be taken as legal advice, but merely as my personal opinion (unfortunately, I must repeat and emphasize this to prevent my own liability, because, yes, this is what this country has come to). 

As I see it, there are likely only two causes of action the lawyer could consider pursuing here, both of which are likely to fail. The first is a defamation claim, alleging that the store owner has lessened society’s estimation of the person photographed. However, truth is an ultimate defense to any defamation claim. Therefore, the lawyer would almost definitely fail taking this course of action.  

The second option would be a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. This too is likely to fail, because the lawyer would have to convince a pool of jurors, made up of regular people (i.e. non-lawyers) such as yourself, that the actions the store owner took were outrageous. I cannot personally imagine that a person other than a scumbag lawyer like the one you talked to would see the store owner’s posting of the picture as outrageous.  

Besides likely failure using those two approaches, there’s an additional reason not to take on such a suit. The lawyer would be committing malpractice by encouraging the person pictured to file suit, because that action would identify the person to the store owner and the state. This identification would allow the store owner and the state to pursue charges on the criminal act the person is alleged to have committed.  

We’ll take the two claim options and then the reasons for malpractice in order. 

First, there are variations of the defamation cause of action in each state, but the lawyer is unlikely to succeed on a claim of defamation, because the statement is true. Generally, to incur liability for defamation, either libel or slander, there must be (1) a false statement, (2) the false statement must be defamatory, (3) the statement must be made to a third party, (4) the person who made the statement must have committed at least negligence in determining the falsity of the statement, and (5) the statement must have caused harm. Restatement (2nd) of Torts § 558. Here, based on what was explained, element one is not met. 

A person is not liable for a true statement. Restatement (2nd) of Torts § 581A. When a statement is defamatory per se (defamation per se is a defamatory statement that is naturally going to decrease the person in the eyes of the community, such as accusing the person of a crime), then a presumption exists that the statement is false. E.G. Thomas v. Bowen, 29 Ore. 258, 266-67 (1896). In Thomas, a newspaper printed that the plaintiff was guilty of larceny before the plaintiff had been convicted of the crime. Id. at 266. The Court observed that because the law presumes that a person is innocent of a crime until the person is proven guilty, then charging a person with an indictable offense is presumed evidence that the statement is false. Id. Thus, the defendant has the burden to prove that the statement is true. Id. 

In the case you mention, I would presume that the people pictured have not been charged. Therefore, the presumption is that the person is innocent. However, the defendant may rebut the presumption and show its truth. This fact alone makes it unlikely for the plaintiff to win, because the store owner explained that he maintained video evidence of the people shoplifting. Therefore, the store owner should be able to rebut the presumption.  

Second, a suit for intentional infliction of emotional distress is likely to fail, because the average person will not see the store owner’s actions as outrageous, and may not even consider the person severely emotionally distressed. To succeed in a suit for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the lawyer must be able to show that the store owner (1) by extreme or outrageous behavior, (2) intentionally or recklessly, (3) caused, (4) severe emotional distress. Restatement (2nd) of Torts § 46. Following your discussion as it was relayed in your letter, this is the more likely path the lawyer was considering. The lawyer claimed that he would be able to show that the person pictured was emotionally distressed and that the store owner was the cause of that distress. He continued to compare the punishment through the legal system with the public shaming used by the store owner.  

However, the lawyer is unlikely to win, primarily because, despite his claim, a jury would not consider the public shaming utilized by the store owner as extreme or outrageous. The comment provided by the restatement explains: 

The cases thus far decided have found liability only where the defendant's conduct has been extreme and outrageous. It has not been enough that the defendant has acted with an intent which is tortious or even criminal, or that he has intended to inflict emotional distress, or even that his conduct has been characterized by "malice," or a degree of aggravation which would entitle the plaintiff to punitive damages for another tort. Liability has been found only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community. Generally, the case is one in which the recitation of the facts to an average member of the community would arouse his resentment against the actor, and lead him to exclaim, "Outrageous!" 

Restatement (2d) of Torts, § 46. The lawyer would fail to meet the burden explained, because posting pictures of people the store owner accuses of shoplifting does not exceed the bounds of all decency. Consider that, though it is often for somewhat higher crimes, even the police will post pictures of accused parties. Indeed, the police will plaster video of accused robbers all over the evening news. Here, regardless of whether the store owner has malice, it is hard to see a jury deciding merely posting the pictures in the store is extreme conduct. Therefore, it is unlikely that the lawyer could succeed on a claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress. 

But even if the lawyer were able to convince the jury that the store owner’s conduct was outrageous, the lawyer would still likely lose, because the lawyer would be unable to show that any emotional distress suffered by the person pictured was severe. As the comment to section 46 of the restatement explains, “The rule stated in this Section applies only where the emotional distress has in fact resulted, and where it is severe.” Restatement (2d) of Torts, § 46. The restatement continues, “The law intervenes only where the distress inflicted is so severe that no reasonable man could be expected to endure it.” Id. Further, “The distress must be reasonable and justified under the circumstances, and there is no liability where the plaintiff has suffered exaggerated and unreasonable emotional distress.” Id.  

Here again, the lawyer would have to convince the jury, comprised of normal people unlike himself, that the person pictured suffered severe mental anguish, beyond what any reasonable man could be expected to endure, which anguish is reasonable and justified. I know this is conclusory, but I think the lawyer would be hard pressed to show that the distress was severe, much less that if the distress is severe that the distress is reasonable and justified when all that the store owner did was accuse the person of shoplifting and posted the picture in the store.  

In summation, the lawyer would likely lose a claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress. Any emotional distress caused is unlikely to reasonably and justifiably be severe, and I doubt that a jury of thinking Americans would consider posting the picture of an accused shoplifter to be “utterly intolerable in a civilized society.” Thus, the lawyer has no claim against the store owner. 

Additionally, if the lawyer were to bring a suit against the store owner, the lawyer would likely be liable for malpractice. By bringing the suit, the accused shoplifter has identified himself/herself as the person pictured. Thus, the store owner would be able to counter sue for restitution from the shoplifter, and the state would be able to charge the shoplifter for the criminal act. In my experience, the only reason that the state would not already have charged the individual for shoplifting and ordered restitution is because the state does not yet know who the person in the video is. By filing suit, this barrier to charging the individual with the crime disappears. 

In conclusion, the lawyer you talked to would likely not only have lost the claim for either defamation or intentional infliction of emotional distress, but subjected the client to jail time, restitution, and a criminal charge on the client’s record. It is irresponsible to open a client up to such liability. As such, the lawyer would likely be liable for malpractice for being stupid enough to represent the client in suing for defamation. 

There are, unfortunately, bad lawyers who would file this type of litigation, thinking that the suit would likely succeed. But the majority of lawyers would recognize the slim chance of recovery in this case and refuse to act as this lawyer claims he would. I hope this gives you a little more faith in the legal system.

Sincerely, 

Political Sphere